Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Cerium vs Gadolinium

Compare Cerium and Gadolinium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Cerium vs Gadolinium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Ce vs Gd on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. Cerium and Gadolinium comparison table on more than 90 properties.

Cerium and Gadolinium Comparison

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1
1
H
Hydrogen
1.008

Atomic #

Electronic Shell #

Symbol
Name
Atomic Weight
HGas
HgLiquid
CSolid
Metals
Metalloids
NonMetals
Alkali metals
Alkali earth metals
Lanthanoids
Transition metals
Post-transition metals
Other nonmetals
Halogens
Nobel gas
Actinoids
2
He
Helium
4.003
2
3
Li
Lithium
6.941
4
Be
Beryllium
9.012
5
B
Boron
10.811
6
C
Carbon
12.011
7
N
Nitrogen
14.007
8
O
Oxygen
15.999
9
F
Fluorine
18.998
10
Ne
Neon
20.180
3
11
Na
Sodium
22.990
12
Mg
Magnesium
24.305
13
Al
Aluminium
26.982
14
Si
Silicon
28.085
15
P
Phosphorus
30.974
16
S
Sulfur
32.065
17
Cl
Chlorine
35.453
18
Ar
Argon
39.948
4
19
K
Potassium
39.098
20
Ca
Calcium
40.078
21
Sc
Scandium
44.956
22
Ti
Titanium
47.867
23
V
Vanadium
50.941
24
Cr
Chromium
51.996
25
Mn
Manganese
54.938
26
Fe
Iron
55.845
27
Co
Cobalt
58.933
28
Ni
Nickel
58.693
29
Cu
Copper
63.546
30
Zn
Zinc
65.409
31
Ga
Gallium
69.723
32
Ge
Germanium
72.640
33
As
Arsenic
74.922
34
Se
Selenium
78.960
35
Br
Bromine
79.904
36
Kr
Krypton
83.798
5
37
Rb
Rubidium
85.468
38
Sr
Strontium
87.620
39
Y
Yttrium
88.906
40
Zr
Zirconium
91.224
41
Nb
Niobium
92.906
42
Mo
Molybdenum
95.940
43
Tc
Technetium
98
44
Ru
Ruthenium
101.070
45
Rh
Rhodium
102.906
46
Pd
Palladium
106.420
47
Ag
Silver
107.868
48
Cd
Cadmium
112.411
49
In
Indium
114.818
50
Sn
Tin
118.710
51
Sb
Antimony
121.760
52
Te
Tellurium
127.600
53
I
Iodine
126.904
54
Xe
Xenon
131.293
6
55
Cs
Cesium
132.905
56
Ba
Barium
137.327
57 - 71
La - Lu
Lanthanides
72
Hf
Hafnium
178.490
73
Ta
Tantalum
180.948
74
W
Tungsten
183.840
75
Re
Rhenium
186.207
76
Os
Osmium
190.230
77
Ir
Iridium
192.217
78
Pt
Platinum
195.078
79
Au
Gold
196.967
80
Hg
Mercury
200.590
81
Tl
Thallium
204.383
82
Pb
Lead
207.200
83
Bi
Bismuth
208.980
84
Po
Polonium
209
85
At
Astatine
210
86
Rn
Radon
222
7
87
Fr
Francium
223
88
Ra
Radium
226
89 - 103
Ac - Lr
Actinides
104
Rf
Rutherfordium
261
105
Db
Dubnium
262
106
Sg
Seaborgium
266
107
Bh
Bohrium
264
108
Hs
Hassium
269
109
Mt
Meitnerium
268
110
Ds
Darmstadtium
281
111
Rg
Roentgenium
272
112
Cn
Copernicium
285
113
Nh
Nihonium
284
114
Fl
Flerovium
289
115
Mc
Moscovium
288
116
Lv
Livermorium
292
117
Ts
Tennessine
294
118
Og
Oganesson
294
Lanthanides
57
La
Lanthanum
138.905
58
Ce
Cerium
140.116
59
Pr
Praseodymium
140.908
60
Nd
Neodymium
144.240
61
Pm
Promethium
145
62
Sm
Samarium
150.360
63
Eu
Europium
151.964
64
Gd
Gadolinium
157.250
65
Tb
Terbium
158.925
66
Dy
Dysprosium
162.500
67
Ho
Holmium
164.930
68
Er
Erbium
167.259
69
Tm
Thulium
168.934
70
Yb
Ytterbium
173.040
71
Lu
Lutetium
174.967
Actinides
89
Ac
Actinium
227
90
Th
Thorium
232.038
91
Pa
Protactinium
231.036
92
U
Uranium
238.029
93
Np
Neptunium
237
94
Pu
Plutonium
244
95
Am
Americium
243
96
Cm
Curium
247
97
Bk
Berkelium
247
98
Cf
Californium
251
99
Es
Einsteinium
252
100
Fm
Fermium
257
101
Md
Mendelevium
258
102
No
Nobelium
259
103
Lr
Lawrencium
262

Facts

NameCeriumGadolinium
Atomic Number5864
Atomic SymbolCeGd
Atomic Weight140.116 157.25
Phase at STPSolid Solid
ColorSilver Silver
Metallic ClassificationLanthanide Lanthanide
Group in Periodic Tablegroup - group -
Group Name
Period in Periodic Tableperiod 6 period 6
Block in Periodic Tablef -blockf -block
Electronic Configuration[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2 [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell)2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 22, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
Melting Point1071 K1586 K
Boiling Point3633 K3523 K
CAS NumberCAS7440-45-1 CAS7440-54-2
Neighborhood ElementsNeighborhood Elements of CeriumNeighborhood Elements of Gadolinium

History

ParameterCeriumGadolinium
HistoryThe element Cerium was discovered by H. Klaproth, J. Berzelius, and W. Hisinger in year 1803 in Germany and Sweden. Cerium derived its name .The element Gadolinium was discovered by J. C. G. de Marignac in year 1880 in Switzerland. Gadolinium derived its name from Johan Gadolin, chemist, physicist and mineralogist.
DiscoveryH. Klaproth, J. Berzelius, and W. Hisinger (1803)J. C. G. de Marignac (1880)
IsolatedG. Mosander (1838)P.E.L. de Boisbaudran (1886)

Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us

Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)

PropertyCeriumGadolinium
Abundance in Universe10 / 0.092 / 0.02
Abundance in Sun4 / 0.032 / 0.01
Abundance in Meteorites760 / 110230 / 30
Abundance in Earth's Crust60000 / 89005200 / 680
Abundance in Oceans0.0012 / 0.0000530.0007 / 0.000028
Abundance in Humans- / -- / -

Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure

PropertyCeriumGadolinium
Atomic Volume20.947 cm3/mol19.903 cm3/mol
Atomic Radius185 pm233 pm
Covalent Radius- -
Van der Waals Radius- -

Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines

Emission SpectrumEmission Spectrum of Cerium | SchoolMyKidsEmission Spectrum of Gadolinium | SchoolMyKids
Absorption SpectrumAbsorption Spectrum of Cerium | SchoolMyKidsAbsorption Spectrum of Gadolinium | SchoolMyKids
Lattice Constant362, 362, 599 pm363.6, 363.6, 578.26 pm
Lattice Angleπ/2, π/2, 2 π/3π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Space Group NameP63/mmc P63/mmc
Space Group Number194 194
Crystal Structure

Simple Hexagonal

58 Ce Cerium - Crystal Structure | SchoolMyKids

Simple Hexagonal

64 Gd Gadolinium - Crystal Structure | SchoolMyKids

Atomic and Orbital Properties

PropertyCeriumGadolinium
Atomic Number5864
Number of Electrons (with no charge)5864
Number of Protons5864
Mass Number140.116157.25
Number of Neutrons8293
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 22, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
Electron Configuration[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2 [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Valence Electrons4f1 5d1 6s2 4f7 5d1 6s2
Oxidation State3, 43
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)1G4 9D2
Shell structure58 Ce Cerium Electron Shell Structure | SchoolMyKids64 Gd Gadolinium Electron Shell Structure | SchoolMyKids

Isotopes and Nuclear Properties

Cerium has 4 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Gadolinium has 6 stable naturally occuring isotopes.

ParameterCeriumGadolinium
Known Isotopes119Ce, 120Ce, 121Ce, 122Ce, 123Ce, 124Ce, 125Ce, 126Ce, 127Ce, 128Ce, 129Ce, 130Ce, 131Ce, 132Ce, 133Ce, 134Ce, 135Ce, 136Ce, 137Ce, 138Ce, 139Ce, 140Ce, 141Ce, 142Ce, 143Ce, 144Ce, 145Ce, 146Ce, 147Ce, 148Ce, 149Ce, 150Ce, 151Ce, 152Ce, 153Ce, 154Ce, 155Ce, 156Ce, 157Ce134Gd, 135Gd, 136Gd, 137Gd, 138Gd, 139Gd, 140Gd, 141Gd, 142Gd, 143Gd, 144Gd, 145Gd, 146Gd, 147Gd, 148Gd, 149Gd, 150Gd, 151Gd, 152Gd, 153Gd, 154Gd, 155Gd, 156Gd, 157Gd, 158Gd, 159Gd, 160Gd, 161Gd, 162Gd, 163Gd, 164Gd, 165Gd, 166Gd, 167Gd, 168Gd, 169Gd
Stable IsotopesNaturally occurring stable isotopes:

136Ce, 138Ce, 140Ce, 142Ce

Naturally occurring stable isotopes:

154Gd, 155Gd, 156Gd, 157Gd, 158Gd, 160Gd

Neutron Cross Section 0.6 49000
Neutron Mass Absorption 0.00021 7.3

Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity

PropertyCeriumGadolinium
Valence or Valency4 3
Electronegativity1.12 Pauling Scale1.2 Pauling Scale
Electron Affinity50 kJ/mol50 kJ/mol
Ionization Energies
1st: 534.4 kJ/mol
2nd: 1050 kJ/mol
3rd: 1949 kJ/mol
4th: 3547 kJ/mol
5th: 6325 kJ/mol
6th: 7490 kJ/mol
1st: 593.4 kJ/mol
2nd: 1170 kJ/mol
3rd: 1990 kJ/mol
4th: 4250 kJ/mol

Physical Properties

PropertyCeriumGadolinium
Density6.689 g/cm37.901 g/cm3
Molar Volume20.947 cm3/mol19.903 cm3/mol

Elastic Properties

Young Modulus34 55
Shear Modulus14 GPa22 GPa
Bulk Modulus22 GPa38 GPa
Poisson Ratio0.24 0.26

Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Mohs Hardness2.5 MPa-
Vickers Hardness270 MPa570 MPa
Brinell Hardness412 MPa-

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity1400000 S/m770000 S/m
Resistivity 7.4e-7 m Ω0.0000013 m Ω
Superconducting Point0.022 1.083

Heat and Conduction Properties

Thermal Conductivity11 W/(m K)11 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion0.0000063 /K0.0000094 /K

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic TypeParamagnetic Ferromagnetic
Curie Point- 292 K
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility2.2e-7 m3/kg-
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility3.0826e-8 m3/mol-
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility0.0014716 -

Optical Properties

Refractive Index- -

Acoustic Properties

Speed of Sound2100 m/s2680 m/s

Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics

PropertyCeriumGadolinium
Melting Point1071 K1586 K
Boiling Point3633 K3523 K
Critical Temperature- -
Superconducting Point0.022 1.083

Enthalpies

Heat of Fusion5.5 kJ/mol10 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization350 kJ/mol305 kJ/mol
Heat of Combustion- -

Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines

ParameterCeriumGadolinium
CAS NumberCAS7440-45-1 CAS7440-54-2
RTECS Number- RTECSLW3850000
DOT Hazard Class4.1 -
DOT Numbers1333 -
EU Number- -
NFPA Fire Rating3 -
NFPA Health Rating2 -
NFPA Reactivity Rating2 -
NFPA Hazards- -
AutoIgnition Point- -
Flashpoint- -

Compare With Other Elements

Compare Cerium and Gadolinium with other elements of the periodic table.

Compare Cerium with all Group elements

Compare Cerium with all Period 6 elements

Compare Cerium with all Lanthanide elements

Compare Gadolinium with all Group elements

Compare Gadolinium with all Period 6 elements

Compare Gadolinium with all Lanthanide elements