Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Promethium vs Hafnium

Compare Promethium and Hafnium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Promethium vs Hafnium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Pm vs Hf on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. Promethium and Hafnium comparison table on more than 90 properties.

Promethium and Hafnium Comparison

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1
1
H
Hydrogen
1.008

Atomic #

Electronic Shell #

Symbol
Name
Atomic Weight
HGas
HgLiquid
CSolid
Metals
Metalloids
NonMetals
Alkali metals
Alkali earth metals
Lanthanoids
Transition metals
Post-transition metals
Other nonmetals
Halogens
Nobel gas
Actinoids
2
He
Helium
4.003
2
3
Li
Lithium
6.941
4
Be
Beryllium
9.012
5
B
Boron
10.811
6
C
Carbon
12.011
7
N
Nitrogen
14.007
8
O
Oxygen
15.999
9
F
Fluorine
18.998
10
Ne
Neon
20.180
3
11
Na
Sodium
22.990
12
Mg
Magnesium
24.305
13
Al
Aluminium
26.982
14
Si
Silicon
28.085
15
P
Phosphorus
30.974
16
S
Sulfur
32.065
17
Cl
Chlorine
35.453
18
Ar
Argon
39.948
4
19
K
Potassium
39.098
20
Ca
Calcium
40.078
21
Sc
Scandium
44.956
22
Ti
Titanium
47.867
23
V
Vanadium
50.941
24
Cr
Chromium
51.996
25
Mn
Manganese
54.938
26
Fe
Iron
55.845
27
Co
Cobalt
58.933
28
Ni
Nickel
58.693
29
Cu
Copper
63.546
30
Zn
Zinc
65.409
31
Ga
Gallium
69.723
32
Ge
Germanium
72.640
33
As
Arsenic
74.922
34
Se
Selenium
78.960
35
Br
Bromine
79.904
36
Kr
Krypton
83.798
5
37
Rb
Rubidium
85.468
38
Sr
Strontium
87.620
39
Y
Yttrium
88.906
40
Zr
Zirconium
91.224
41
Nb
Niobium
92.906
42
Mo
Molybdenum
95.940
43
Tc
Technetium
98
44
Ru
Ruthenium
101.070
45
Rh
Rhodium
102.906
46
Pd
Palladium
106.420
47
Ag
Silver
107.868
48
Cd
Cadmium
112.411
49
In
Indium
114.818
50
Sn
Tin
118.710
51
Sb
Antimony
121.760
52
Te
Tellurium
127.600
53
I
Iodine
126.904
54
Xe
Xenon
131.293
6
55
Cs
Cesium
132.905
56
Ba
Barium
137.327
57 - 71
La - Lu
Lanthanides
72
Hf
Hafnium
178.490
73
Ta
Tantalum
180.948
74
W
Tungsten
183.840
75
Re
Rhenium
186.207
76
Os
Osmium
190.230
77
Ir
Iridium
192.217
78
Pt
Platinum
195.078
79
Au
Gold
196.967
80
Hg
Mercury
200.590
81
Tl
Thallium
204.383
82
Pb
Lead
207.200
83
Bi
Bismuth
208.980
84
Po
Polonium
209
85
At
Astatine
210
86
Rn
Radon
222
7
87
Fr
Francium
223
88
Ra
Radium
226
89 - 103
Ac - Lr
Actinides
104
Rf
Rutherfordium
261
105
Db
Dubnium
262
106
Sg
Seaborgium
266
107
Bh
Bohrium
264
108
Hs
Hassium
269
109
Mt
Meitnerium
268
110
Ds
Darmstadtium
281
111
Rg
Roentgenium
272
112
Cn
Copernicium
285
113
Nh
Nihonium
284
114
Fl
Flerovium
289
115
Mc
Moscovium
288
116
Lv
Livermorium
292
117
Ts
Tennessine
294
118
Og
Oganesson
294
Lanthanides
57
La
Lanthanum
138.905
58
Ce
Cerium
140.116
59
Pr
Praseodymium
140.908
60
Nd
Neodymium
144.240
61
Pm
Promethium
145
62
Sm
Samarium
150.360
63
Eu
Europium
151.964
64
Gd
Gadolinium
157.250
65
Tb
Terbium
158.925
66
Dy
Dysprosium
162.500
67
Ho
Holmium
164.930
68
Er
Erbium
167.259
69
Tm
Thulium
168.934
70
Yb
Ytterbium
173.040
71
Lu
Lutetium
174.967
Actinides
89
Ac
Actinium
227
90
Th
Thorium
232.038
91
Pa
Protactinium
231.036
92
U
Uranium
238.029
93
Np
Neptunium
237
94
Pu
Plutonium
244
95
Am
Americium
243
96
Cm
Curium
247
97
Bk
Berkelium
247
98
Cf
Californium
251
99
Es
Einsteinium
252
100
Fm
Fermium
257
101
Md
Mendelevium
258
102
No
Nobelium
259
103
Lr
Lawrencium
262

Facts

NamePromethiumHafnium
Atomic Number6172
Atomic SymbolPmHf
Atomic Weight145 178.49
Phase at STPSolid Solid
ColorSilver Gray
Metallic ClassificationLanthanide Transition Metal
Group in Periodic Tablegroup - group 4
Group Nametitanium family
Period in Periodic Tableperiod 6 period 6
Block in Periodic Tablef -blockd -block
Electronic Configuration[Xe] 4f5 6s2 [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell)2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 22, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
Melting Point1373 K2506 K
Boiling Point3273 K4876 K
CAS NumberCAS7440-12-2 CAS7440-58-6
Neighborhood ElementsNeighborhood Elements of PromethiumNeighborhood Elements of Hafnium

History

ParameterPromethiumHafnium
HistoryThe element Promethium was discovered by S. Wu,E.G. Segrè and H. Bethe in year 1942 in United States. Promethium derived its name from Prometheus of Greek mythology who stole fire from the Gods and gave it to humans.The element Hafnium was discovered by D. Coster and G. von Hevesy in year 1922 in Denmark. Hafnium derived its name from Hafnia, the New Latin name for Copenhagen.
DiscoveryS. Wu,E.G. Segrè and H. Bethe (1942)D. Coster and G. von Hevesy (1922)
IsolatedCharles D. Coryell,Jacob A. Marinsky,Lawrence E. Glendenin, and Harold G. Richter (1945)D. Coster and G. von Hevesy (1922)

Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us

Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)

PropertyPromethiumHafnium
Abundance in Universe- / -0.7 / 0.005
Abundance in Sun- / 0.0051 / 0.01
Abundance in Meteorites- / -170 / 20
Abundance in Earth's Crust- / -3300 / 380
Abundance in Oceans- / -0.008 / 0.00028
Abundance in Humans- / -- / -

Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure

PropertyPromethiumHafnium
Atomic Volume20.23 cm3/mol13.44 cm3/mol
Atomic Radius205 pm208 pm
Covalent Radius- 150 pm
Van der Waals Radius- -

Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines

Emission SpectrumEmission Spectrum of Promethium | SchoolMyKidsEmission Spectrum of Hafnium | SchoolMyKids
Absorption SpectrumAbsorption Spectrum of Promethium | SchoolMyKidsAbsorption Spectrum of Hafnium | SchoolMyKids
Lattice Constant- 319.64, 319.64, 505.11 pm
Lattice Angle-π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Space Group Name- P63/mmc
Space Group Number- 194
Crystal Structure

Simple Hexagonal

61 Pm Promethium - Crystal Structure | SchoolMyKids

Simple Hexagonal

72 Hf Hafnium - Crystal Structure | SchoolMyKids

Atomic and Orbital Properties

PropertyPromethiumHafnium
Atomic Number6172
Number of Electrons (with no charge)6172
Number of Protons6172
Mass Number145178.49
Number of Neutrons84106
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 22, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
Electron Configuration[Xe] 4f5 6s2 [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
Valence Electrons4f5 6s2 5d2 6s2
Oxidation State34
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)6H5/2 3F2
Shell structure61 Pm Promethium Electron Shell Structure | SchoolMyKids72 Hf Hafnium Electron Shell Structure | SchoolMyKids

Isotopes and Nuclear Properties

Promethium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Hafnium has 5 stable naturally occuring isotopes.

ParameterPromethiumHafnium
Known Isotopes126Pm, 127Pm, 128Pm, 129Pm, 130Pm, 131Pm, 132Pm, 133Pm, 134Pm, 135Pm, 136Pm, 137Pm, 138Pm, 139Pm, 140Pm, 141Pm, 142Pm, 143Pm, 144Pm, 145Pm, 146Pm, 147Pm, 148Pm, 149Pm, 150Pm, 151Pm, 152Pm, 153Pm, 154Pm, 155Pm, 156Pm, 157Pm, 158Pm, 159Pm, 160Pm, 161Pm, 162Pm, 163Pm153Hf, 154Hf, 155Hf, 156Hf, 157Hf, 158Hf, 159Hf, 160Hf, 161Hf, 162Hf, 163Hf, 164Hf, 165Hf, 166Hf, 167Hf, 168Hf, 169Hf, 170Hf, 171Hf, 172Hf, 173Hf, 174Hf, 175Hf, 176Hf, 177Hf, 178Hf, 179Hf, 180Hf, 181Hf, 182Hf, 183Hf, 184Hf, 185Hf, 186Hf, 187Hf, 188Hf
Stable IsotopesNaturally occurring stable isotopes:

None

Naturally occurring stable isotopes:

176Hf, 177Hf, 178Hf, 179Hf, 180Hf

Neutron Cross Section 8000 104
Neutron Mass Absorption - 0.02

Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity

PropertyPromethiumHafnium
Valence or Valency3 4
Electronegativity1.13 Pauling Scale1.3 Pauling Scale
Electron Affinity50 kJ/mol0 kJ/mol
Ionization Energies
1st: 540 kJ/mol
2nd: 1050 kJ/mol
3rd: 2150 kJ/mol
4th: 3970 kJ/mol
1st: 658.5 kJ/mol
2nd: 1440 kJ/mol
3rd: 2250 kJ/mol
4th: 3216 kJ/mol

Physical Properties

PropertyPromethiumHafnium
Density7.264 g/cm313.31 g/cm3
Molar Volume20.23 cm3/mol13.44 cm3/mol

Elastic Properties

Young Modulus46 78
Shear Modulus18 GPa30 GPa
Bulk Modulus33 GPa110 GPa
Poisson Ratio0.28 0.37

Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Mohs Hardness- 5.5 MPa
Vickers Hardness- 1760 MPa
Brinell Hardness- 1700 MPa

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity1300000 S/m3300000 S/m
Resistivity 7.5e-7 m Ω3e-7 m Ω
Superconducting Point- 0.128

Heat and Conduction Properties

Thermal Conductivity15 W/(m K)23 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion0.000011 /K0.0000059 /K

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Type- Paramagnetic
Curie Point- -
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility- 5.3e-9 m3/kg
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility- 9.46e-10 m3/mol
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility- 0.0000705

Optical Properties

Refractive Index- -

Acoustic Properties

Speed of Sound- 3010 m/s

Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics

PropertyPromethiumHafnium
Melting Point1373 K2506 K
Boiling Point3273 K4876 K
Critical Temperature- -
Superconducting Point- 0.128

Enthalpies

Heat of Fusion7.7 kJ/mol25.5 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization290 kJ/mol630 kJ/mol
Heat of Combustion- -

Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines

ParameterPromethiumHafnium
CAS NumberCAS7440-12-2 CAS7440-58-6
RTECS Number- RTECSMG4600000
DOT Hazard Class- 4.2
DOT Numbers- 2545
EU Number- -
NFPA Fire Rating- -
NFPA Health Rating- -
NFPA Reactivity Rating- -
NFPA Hazards- -
AutoIgnition Point- -
Flashpoint- -

Compare With Other Elements

Compare Promethium and Hafnium with other elements of the periodic table.

Compare Promethium with all Group elements

Compare Promethium with all Period 6 elements

Compare Promethium with all Lanthanide elements

Compare Hafnium with all Group 4 elements

Compare Hafnium with all Period 6 elements

Compare Hafnium with all Transition Metal elements