Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Molybdenum vs Ruthenium
Compare Molybdenum and Ruthenium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Molybdenum vs Ruthenium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Mo vs Ru on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. Molybdenum and Ruthenium comparison table on more than 90 properties.
Molybdenum and Ruthenium Comparison
Facts
| Name | Molybdenum | Ruthenium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 42 | 44 |
| Atomic Symbol | Mo | Ru |
| Atomic Weight | 95.94 | 101.07 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Gray | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Transition Metal | Transition Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 6 | group 8 |
| Group Name | chromium family | iron family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 5 | period 5 |
| Block in Periodic Table | d -block | d -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Kr] 4d5 5s1 | [Kr] 4d7 5s1 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 13, 1 | 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 |
| Melting Point | 2896 K | 2607 K |
| Boiling Point | 4912 K | 4423 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7439-98-7 | CAS7440-18-8 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Molybdenum | Neighborhood Elements of Ruthenium |
History
| Parameter | Molybdenum | Ruthenium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Molybdenum was discovered by W. Scheele in year 1778 in Sweden. Molybdenum derived its name from the Greek word molybdos meaning 'lead'. | The element Ruthenium was discovered by K. Claus in year 1844 in Russia. Ruthenium derived its name from Ruthenia, the New Latin name for Russia. |
| Discovery | W. Scheele (1778) | K. Claus (1844) |
| Isolated | J. Hjelm (1781) | K. Claus (1844) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Molybdenum | Ruthenium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 5 / 0.1 | 4 / 0.05 |
| Abundance in Sun | 9 / 0.1 | 5 / 0.06 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 1200 / 250 | 830 / 160 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 1100 / 230 | 1.0 / 0.2 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 10 / 0.64 | 0.0007 / 0.000043 |
| Abundance in Humans | 100 / 7 | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Molybdenum | Ruthenium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 9.333 cm3/mol | 8.1706 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 190 pm | 178 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 145 pm | 126 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | - | - |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 314.7, 314.7, 314.7 pm | 270.59, 270.59, 428.15 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
| Space Group Name | Im_ 3m | P63/mmc |
| Space Group Number | 229 | 194 |
| Crystal Structure | Body Centered Cubic  | Simple Hexagonal  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Molybdenum | Ruthenium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 42 | 44 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 42 | 44 |
| Number of Protons | 42 | 44 |
| Mass Number | 95.94 | 101.07 |
| Number of Neutrons | 54 | 57 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 13, 1 | 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d5 5s1 | [Kr] 4d7 5s1 |
| Valence Electrons | 4d5 5s1 | 4d7 5s1 |
| Oxidation State | 4, 6 | 3, 4 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 7S3 | 5F5 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Molybdenum has 6 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Ruthenium has 7 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Molybdenum | Ruthenium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 83Mo, 84Mo, 85Mo, 86Mo, 87Mo, 88Mo, 89Mo, 90Mo, 91Mo, 92Mo, 93Mo, 94Mo, 95Mo, 96Mo, 97Mo, 98Mo, 99Mo, 100Mo, 101Mo, 102Mo, 103Mo, 104Mo, 105Mo, 106Mo, 107Mo, 108Mo, 109Mo, 110Mo, 111Mo, 112Mo, 113Mo, 114Mo, 115Mo | 87Ru, 88Ru, 89Ru, 90Ru, 91Ru, 92Ru, 93Ru, 94Ru, 95Ru, 96Ru, 97Ru, 98Ru, 99Ru, 100Ru, 101Ru, 102Ru, 103Ru, 104Ru, 105Ru, 106Ru, 107Ru, 108Ru, 109Ru, 110Ru, 111Ru, 112Ru, 113Ru, 114Ru, 115Ru, 116Ru, 117Ru, 118Ru, 119Ru, 120Ru |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 92Mo, 94Mo, 95Mo, 96Mo, 97Mo, 98Mo | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 100Ru, 101Ru, 102Ru, 104Ru, 96Ru, 98Ru, 99Ru |
| Neutron Cross Section | 2.6 | 2.6 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0009 | 0.0009 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Molybdenum | Ruthenium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 6 | 6 |
| Electronegativity | 2.16 Pauling Scale | 2.2 Pauling Scale |
| Electron Affinity | 71.9 kJ/mol | 101.3 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 684.3 kJ/mol 2nd: 1560 kJ/mol 3rd: 2618 kJ/mol 4th: 4480 kJ/mol 5th: 5257 kJ/mol 6th: 6640.8 kJ/mol 7th: 12125 kJ/mol 8th: 13860 kJ/mol 9th: 15835 kJ/mol 10th: 17980 kJ/mol 11th: 20190 kJ/mol 12th: 22219 kJ/mol 13th: 26930 kJ/mol 14th: 29196 kJ/mol 15th: 52490 kJ/mol 16th: 55000 kJ/mol 17th: 61400 kJ/mol 18th: 67700 kJ/mol 19th: 74000 kJ/mol 20th: 80400 kJ/mol 21st: 87000 kJ/mol 22nd: 93400 kJ/mol 23rd: 98420 kJ/mol 24th: 104400 kJ/mol 25th: 121900 kJ/mol 26th: 127700 kJ/mol 27th: 133800 kJ/mol 28th: 139800 kJ/mol 29th: 148100 kJ/mol 30th: 154500 kJ/mol | 1st: 710.2 kJ/mol 2nd: 1620 kJ/mol 3rd: 2747 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
| Property | Molybdenum | Ruthenium |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 10.28 g/cm3 | 12.37 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 9.333 cm3/mol | 8.1706 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 329 | 447 |
| Shear Modulus | 20 GPa | 173 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 230 GPa | 220 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.31 | 0.3 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 5.5 MPa | 6.5 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | 1530 MPa | - |
| Brinell Hardness | 1500 MPa | 2160 MPa |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 20000000 S/m | 14000000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 5e-8 m Ω | 7.1e-8 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | 0.915 | 0.49 |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 139 W/(m K) | 120 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000048 /K | 0.0000064 /K |
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 1.17e-8 m3/kg | 5.42e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 1.122e-9 m3/mol | 5.48e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.0001203 | 0.000067 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 6190 m/s | 5970 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Molybdenum | Ruthenium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 2896 K | 2607 K |
| Boiling Point | 4912 K | 4423 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | 0.915 | 0.49 |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 36 kJ/mol | 25.7 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 600 kJ/mol | 580 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Molybdenum | Ruthenium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7439-98-7 | CAS7440-18-8 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSQA4680000 | - |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 | 4.1 |
| DOT Numbers | 3089 | 3089 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 3 | - |
| NFPA Health Rating | 1 | - |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 | - |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Molybdenum and Ruthenium with other elements of the periodic table.