Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Neodymium vs Niobium
Compare Neodymium and Niobium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Neodymium vs Niobium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Nd vs Nb on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. Neodymium and Niobium comparison table on more than 90 properties.
Neodymium and Niobium Comparison
Facts
| Name | Neodymium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 60 | 41 |
| Atomic Symbol | Nd | Nb |
| Atomic Weight | 144.24 | 92.90638 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Gray |
| Metallic Classification | Lanthanide | Transition Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group - | group 5 |
| Group Name | vanadium family | |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 6 | period 5 |
| Block in Periodic Table | f -block | d -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Xe] 4f4 6s2 | [Kr] 4d4 5s1 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 |
| Melting Point | 1294 K | 2750 K |
| Boiling Point | 3373 K | 5017 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-00-8 | CAS7440-03-1 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Neodymium | Neighborhood Elements of Niobium |
History
| Parameter | Neodymium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Neodymium was discovered by C. A. von Welsbach in year 1885 in Austria. Neodymium derived its name from the Greek neos didymos meaning 'new twin'. | The element Niobium was discovered by C. Hatchett in year 1801 in United Kingdom. Niobium derived its name from Niobe, daughter of king Tantalus from Greek mythology. |
| Discovery | C. A. von Welsbach (1885) | C. Hatchett (1801) |
| Isolated | () | W. Blomstrand (1864) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Neodymium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 10 / 0.09 | 2 / 0.02 |
| Abundance in Sun | 3 / 0.02 | 4 / 0.05 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 510 / 70 | 190 / 30 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 33000 / 4800 | 17000 / 3700 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.0028 / 0.00012 | 0.001 / 0.000067 |
| Abundance in Humans | - / - | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Neodymium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 20.576 cm3/mol | 10.841 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 206 pm | 198 pm |
| Covalent Radius | - | 137 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | - | - |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 365.8, 365.8, 1179.9 pm | 330.04, 330.04, 330.04 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc | Im_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 194 | 229 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal  | Body Centered Cubic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Neodymium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 60 | 41 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 60 | 41 |
| Number of Protons | 60 | 41 |
| Mass Number | 144.24 | 92.90638 |
| Number of Neutrons | 84 | 52 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f4 6s2 | [Kr] 4d4 5s1 |
| Valence Electrons | 4f4 6s2 | 4d4 5s1 |
| Oxidation State | 3 | 5 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 5I4 | 6D1/2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Neodymium has 5 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Niobium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Neodymium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 124Nd, 125Nd, 126Nd, 127Nd, 128Nd, 129Nd, 130Nd, 131Nd, 132Nd, 133Nd, 134Nd, 135Nd, 136Nd, 137Nd, 138Nd, 139Nd, 140Nd, 141Nd, 142Nd, 143Nd, 144Nd, 145Nd, 146Nd, 147Nd, 148Nd, 149Nd, 150Nd, 151Nd, 152Nd, 153Nd, 154Nd, 155Nd, 156Nd, 157Nd, 158Nd, 159Nd, 160Nd, 161Nd | 81Nb, 82Nb, 83Nb, 84Nb, 85Nb, 86Nb, 87Nb, 88Nb, 89Nb, 90Nb, 91Nb, 92Nb, 93Nb, 94Nb, 95Nb, 96Nb, 97Nb, 98Nb, 99Nb, 100Nb, 101Nb, 102Nb, 103Nb, 104Nb, 105Nb, 106Nb, 107Nb, 108Nb, 109Nb, 110Nb, 111Nb, 112Nb, 113Nb |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 142Nd, 143Nd, 145Nd, 146Nd, 148Nd | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 93Nb |
| Neutron Cross Section | 49 | 1.15 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.011 | 0.0004 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Neodymium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 3 | 5 |
| Electronegativity | 1.14 Pauling Scale | 1.6 Pauling Scale |
| Electron Affinity | 50 kJ/mol | 86.1 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 533.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1040 kJ/mol 3rd: 2130 kJ/mol 4th: 3900 kJ/mol | 1st: 652.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1380 kJ/mol 3rd: 2416 kJ/mol 4th: 3700 kJ/mol 5th: 4877 kJ/mol 6th: 9847 kJ/mol 7th: 12100 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
| Property | Neodymium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.01 g/cm3 | 8.57 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 20.576 cm3/mol | 10.841 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 41 | 105 |
| Shear Modulus | 16 GPa | 38 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 32 GPa | 170 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.28 | 0.4 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | - | 6 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | 343 MPa | 1320 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | 265 MPa | 736 MPa |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 1600000 S/m | 6700000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 6.4e-7 m Ω | 1.5e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | 9.25 |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 17 W/(m K) | 54 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000096 /K | 0.00000729 /K |
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 4.8e-7 m3/kg | 2.76e-8 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 6.9235e-8 m3/mol | 2.56e-9 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.0033648 | 0.000237 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 2330 m/s | 3480 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Neodymium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 1294 K | 2750 K |
| Boiling Point | 3373 K | 5017 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | 9.25 |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 7.1 kJ/mol | 26.8 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 285 kJ/mol | 690 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Neodymium | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-00-8 | CAS7440-03-1 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSQO8575000 | RTECSQT9900000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | - | - |
| DOT Numbers | - | - |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Health Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Neodymium and Niobium with other elements of the periodic table.