Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Gold vs Niobium
Compare Gold and Niobium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Gold vs Niobium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Au vs Nb on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. Gold and Niobium comparison table on more than 90 properties.
Gold and Niobium Comparison
Facts
| Name | Gold | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 79 | 41 |
| Atomic Symbol | Au | Nb |
| Atomic Weight | 196.96655 | 92.90638 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Gold | Gray |
| Metallic Classification | Transition Metal | Transition Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 11 | group 5 |
| Group Name | copper family | vanadium family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 6 | period 5 |
| Block in Periodic Table | d -block | d -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 | [Kr] 4d4 5s1 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 | 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 |
| Melting Point | 1337.33 K | 2750 K |
| Boiling Point | 3129 K | 5017 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-57-5 | CAS7440-03-1 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Gold | Neighborhood Elements of Niobium |
History
| Parameter | Gold | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Gold was discovered by Bulgaria in year Before 6000 BCE. Gold derived its name from English word (aurum in Latin). | The element Niobium was discovered by C. Hatchett in year 1801 in United Kingdom. Niobium derived its name from Niobe, daughter of king Tantalus from Greek mythology. |
| Discovery | Bulgaria (Before 6000 BCE) | C. Hatchett (1801) |
| Isolated | Varna Necropolis (ca. 4400 BCE) | W. Blomstrand (1864) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Gold | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 0.6 / 0.004 | 2 / 0.02 |
| Abundance in Sun | 1 / 0.01 | 4 / 0.05 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 170 / 20 | 190 / 30 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 3.1 / 0.3 | 17000 / 3700 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.05 / 0.0016 | 0.001 / 0.000067 |
| Abundance in Humans | 100 / 3 | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Gold | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 10.21 cm3/mol | 10.841 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 174 pm | 198 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 144 pm | 137 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 166 pm | - |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 407.82, 407.82, 407.82 pm | 330.04, 330.04, 330.04 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | Fm_ 3m | Im_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 225 | 229 |
| Crystal Structure | Face Centered Cubic  | Body Centered Cubic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Gold | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 79 | 41 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 79 | 41 |
| Number of Protons | 79 | 41 |
| Mass Number | 196.96655 | 92.90638 |
| Number of Neutrons | 118 | 52 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 | 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 | [Kr] 4d4 5s1 |
| Valence Electrons | 5d10 6s1 | 4d4 5s1 |
| Oxidation State | 1, 3 | 5 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2S1/2 | 6D1/2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Gold has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Niobium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Gold | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 169Au, 170Au, 171Au, 172Au, 173Au, 174Au, 175Au, 176Au, 177Au, 178Au, 179Au, 180Au, 181Au, 182Au, 183Au, 184Au, 185Au, 186Au, 187Au, 188Au, 189Au, 190Au, 191Au, 192Au, 193Au, 194Au, 195Au, 196Au, 197Au, 198Au, 199Au, 200Au, 201Au, 202Au, 203Au, 204Au, 205Au | 81Nb, 82Nb, 83Nb, 84Nb, 85Nb, 86Nb, 87Nb, 88Nb, 89Nb, 90Nb, 91Nb, 92Nb, 93Nb, 94Nb, 95Nb, 96Nb, 97Nb, 98Nb, 99Nb, 100Nb, 101Nb, 102Nb, 103Nb, 104Nb, 105Nb, 106Nb, 107Nb, 108Nb, 109Nb, 110Nb, 111Nb, 112Nb, 113Nb |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 197Au | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 93Nb |
| Neutron Cross Section | 98.7 | 1.15 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.017 | 0.0004 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Gold | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 5 | 5 |
| Electronegativity | 2.54 Pauling Scale | 1.6 Pauling Scale |
| Electron Affinity | 222.8 kJ/mol | 86.1 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 890.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1980 kJ/mol | 1st: 652.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1380 kJ/mol 3rd: 2416 kJ/mol 4th: 3700 kJ/mol 5th: 4877 kJ/mol 6th: 9847 kJ/mol 7th: 12100 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
| Property | Gold | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 19.3 g/cm3 | 8.57 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 10.21 cm3/mol | 10.841 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 78 | 105 |
| Shear Modulus | 27 GPa | 38 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 220 GPa | 170 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.44 | 0.4 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 2.5 MPa | 6 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | 216 MPa | 1320 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | 2450 MPa | 736 MPa |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 45000000 S/m | 6700000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 2.2e-8 m Ω | 1.5e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | 9.25 |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 320 W/(m K) | 54 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000142 /K | 0.00000729 /K |
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.78e-9 m3/kg | 2.76e-8 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -3.51e-10 m3/mol | 2.56e-9 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.0000344 | 0.000237 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 1740 m/s | 3480 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Gold | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 1337.33 K | 2750 K |
| Boiling Point | 3129 K | 5017 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | 9.25 |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 12.5 kJ/mol | 26.8 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 330 kJ/mol | 690 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Gold | Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-57-5 | CAS7440-03-1 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSMD5070000 | RTECSQT9900000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | - | - |
| DOT Numbers | - | - |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 0 | - |
| NFPA Health Rating | 2 | - |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 | - |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Gold and Niobium with other elements of the periodic table.