Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Carbon vs Selenium
Compare Carbon and Selenium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Carbon vs Selenium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare C vs Se on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. Carbon and Selenium comparison table on more than 90 properties.
Carbon and Selenium Comparison
Facts
| Name | Carbon | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 6 | 34 |
| Atomic Symbol | C | Se |
| Atomic Weight | 12.0107 | 78.96 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Black | Gray |
| Metallic Classification | Other Nonmetal | Other Nonmetal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 14 | group 16 |
| Group Name | carbon family | oxygen family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 2 | period 4 |
| Block in Periodic Table | p -block | p -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [He] 2s2 2p2 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 4 | 2, 8, 18, 6 |
| Melting Point | 3823 K | 494 K |
| Boiling Point | 4300 K | 958 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-44-0 | CAS7782-49-2 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Carbon | Neighborhood Elements of Selenium |
History
| Parameter | Carbon | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Carbon was discovered by Egyptians and Sumerians in year 3750 BCE. Carbon derived its name the Latin word carbo, meaning 'coal'. | The element Selenium was discovered by J. Berzelius and G. Gahn in year 1817 in Sweden. Selenium derived its name from the Greek selene, meaning 'moon'. |
| Discovery | Egyptians and Sumerians (3750 BCE) | J. Berzelius and G. Gahn (1817) |
| Isolated | () | J. Berzelius and G. Gahn (1817) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Carbon | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 5000000 / 500000 | 30 / 0.5 |
| Abundance in Sun | 3000000 / 300000 | - / - |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 15000000 / 18000000 | 13000 / 2900 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 1800000 / 3100000 | 50 / 10 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 28000 / 14400 | 0.45 / 0.035 |
| Abundance in Humans | 230000000 / 120000000 | 50 / 4 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Carbon | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 5.29 cm3/mol | 16.385 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 67 pm | 103 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 77 pm | 116 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 170 pm | 190 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 246.4, 246.4, 671.1 pm | 905.4, 908.3, 1160.1 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 | π/2, 1.58493, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc | P121/c1 |
| Space Group Number | 194 | 14 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal  | Simple Monoclinic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Carbon | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 6 | 34 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 6 | 34 |
| Number of Protons | 6 | 34 |
| Mass Number | 12.0107 | 78.96 |
| Number of Neutrons | 6 | 45 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 4 | 2, 8, 18, 6 |
| Electron Configuration | [He] 2s2 2p2 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4 |
| Valence Electrons | 2s2 2p2 | 4s2 4p4 |
| Oxidation State | -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 | -2, 2, 4, 6 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 3P0 | 3P2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Carbon has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Selenium has 5 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Carbon | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 8C, 9C, 10C, 11C, 12C, 13C, 14C, 15C, 16C, 17C, 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C | 65Se, 66Se, 67Se, 68Se, 69Se, 70Se, 71Se, 72Se, 73Se, 74Se, 75Se, 76Se, 77Se, 78Se, 79Se, 80Se, 81Se, 82Se, 83Se, 84Se, 85Se, 86Se, 87Se, 88Se, 89Se, 90Se, 91Se, 92Se, 93Se, 94Se |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 12C, 13C | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 74Se, 76Se, 77Se, 78Se, 80Se |
| Neutron Cross Section | 0.0035 | 11.7 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.000015 | 0.0056 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Carbon | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 4 | 6 |
| Electronegativity | 2.55 Pauling Scale | 2.55 Pauling Scale |
| Electron Affinity | 153.9 kJ/mol | 195 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 1086.5 kJ/mol 2nd: 2352.6 kJ/mol 3rd: 4620.5 kJ/mol 4th: 6222.7 kJ/mol 5th: 37831 kJ/mol 6th: 47277 kJ/mol | 1st: 941 kJ/mol 2nd: 2045 kJ/mol 3rd: 2973.7 kJ/mol 4th: 4144 kJ/mol 5th: 6590 kJ/mol 6th: 7880 kJ/mol 7th: 14990 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
| Property | Carbon | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 2.26 g/cm3 | 4.819 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 5.29 cm3/mol | 16.385 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | - | 10 |
| Shear Modulus | - | 3.7 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 33 GPa | 8.3 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | - | 0.33 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 0.5 MPa | 2 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - | - |
| Brinell Hardness | - | 736 MPa |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 100000 S/m | - |
| Resistivity | 0.00001 m Ω | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 140 W/(m K) | 0.52 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000071 /K | - |
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Diamagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -6.2e-9 m3/kg | -4e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -7.45e-11 m3/mol | -3.16e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.000014 | -0.0000193 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | 2.417 | 1.000895 |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 18350 m/s | 3350 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Carbon | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 3823 K | 494 K |
| Boiling Point | 4300 K | 958 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | 1766 K |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 105 kJ/mol | 5.4 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 715 kJ/mol | 26 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | -393.5 J/(kg K) | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Carbon | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-44-0 | CAS7782-49-2 |
| RTECS Number | {RTECSHL4158550, RTECSFF5250100, RTECSMD9659600, N/A} | {N/A, RTECSVS7700000, N/A} |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.2 | 6.1 |
| DOT Numbers | 1361 | 2658 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 1 | 0 |
| NFPA Health Rating | 0 | 2 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 | 0 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Carbon and Selenium with other elements of the periodic table.